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[論文新知] 長期的軍事訓練導致腸道細菌發生變化,讓發炎程度提高

美國陸軍環境醫學研究所的一份研究報告指出,長時間的生理壓力可以改變腸道中的微生物的組成,這表示壓力可能增加耐力運動員和軍事人員的健康風險。
Changes in intestinal microbiota composition and metabolism coincide with increased intestinal permeability in young adults under prolonged physiologic stress. 發表於 美國生理學期刊. 2017 March 23 DOI:10.1152/ajpgi.00066.2017
健康的腸子是半滲透的,用途是為了防禦,不僅可讓營養進入血液而且能排除細菌與其他潛在的有害物質無法進入。 身體壓力會讓腸道滲透性增加,使得更多的物質從會從腸中排出,以致提高發炎和腹瀉等相關腸道症狀的風險。
73名參加軍事野地雪地行軍訓練的挪威陸軍士兵。 在四天多時間,滑雪行軍距離約50公里,並同時攜帶45公斤的背包。 研究人員收集訓練前後收集血液和糞便樣本。 在士兵在行軍前和行軍的第三天進行了24小時的尿液檢查,他們喝了與人工甜味劑蔗糖素和甘露醇(糖醇)混合的水溶液。 因為消化過程中人體不會分解蔗糖素三氯半乳蔗糖,而會經由尿液排出。 因此排泄出來蔗糖素的濃度通常用作腸道滲透性的標誌。
艱困的訓練結束後,血液和糞便中的微生物群和代謝物組成發生了顯著變化。 蔗糖素排泄量大幅上升,表明腸道的滲透性增加的。 而氨基酸和脂肪細菌代謝物的濃度在糞便中下降,在訓練期間血液有一半以上化合物的濃度發生變化。 腸滲透力的變化與發炎變化是有關係的,在受訓前腸道微生物群的組成可能源於微生物群的幾種代謝物的變化有關。 「先前研究已經證明,飲食的急劇變化會改變腸道微生物代謝物以及影響腸道微生物群組成。我們的研究結果與這些報告不同,證明微生物群組成的變化很可能不僅僅是由於飲食,並且會比飲食造成的改變更為明顯。」研究人員寫道。
腸道微生物群似乎是腸道對身體壓力反應的一個方式。 研究人員寫道「我們的研究結果表明,腸道微生物群可能是對嚴重生理壓力反饋的一種方式,我們也許可以研究在面臨壓力之前的腸道菌群可能是一種保持腸道滲透性的方向。