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[論文新知] 帕金斯症有可能始於腸道

根據瑞典斯德哥爾摩卡羅林斯卡研究所的一項研究,帕金森病可能最早是從腸道開始,通過迷走神經傳播到大腦。 迷走神經從腦幹延伸到腹部,它控制著我們無意識的身體過程,如心率和食物消化。
Vagotomy and Parkinson disease: A Swedish register-based matched-cohort study. 發表於 Neurology. 2017 Apr 26
DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000003961
根據2017年4月26日發表的“美國神經病學學會雜誌” 網絡版發表的研究,帕金森病可能最早是從腸道開始並通過迷走神經傳播到大腦。 迷走神經本身是從腦幹延伸到腹部,控制無意識的身體過程,如心率和食物消化。
醫學上針對一些患有胃潰瘍的人,會採用切除迷走神經的主幹或分支來治療。 稱為迷走神經切斷術。 瑞典研究人員針對這些做過迷走神經切斷術這40年來的9442人來統計,有101人患有帕金森病,比例為1.07%,而對照組有 37.7萬人中有4829人患有帕金森氏症,佔1.28%。
這種差異看起來並不顯著。但是當研究人員再分析了兩種不同類型的迷走神經切斷術的結果時,他們發現,5年前就進行手術的人與最近5年內才手術的人比較起來,發生帕金森病的比例降低很多,並不是手術者並沒有接受過手術至少五年。而是手術的方式不同在截斷式迷走神經切斷術中,主幹神經是完全切除。 但在選擇性迷走神經切斷術中,僅會切除神經的部份分支。
五年以前進行截斷迷走神經手術的,共有19人,發病率為0.78%,但對照沒接受手術者3,932人,發生率為1.15%。 相比之下,五年前進行選擇性迷走神經切斷術的60例患者中發生帕金森病,佔1.08%。
研究人員在針對一些慢性阻塞性肺疾病,糖尿病,關節炎等症狀的病患排除了,發現至少五年前進行截斷迷走神經切斷術的患者發生帕金森病的可能性低於未進行手術的患者 40%。
瑞典斯德哥爾摩卡羅林斯卡研究所的研究員劉文景(譯音)博士說:「這些結果提供了帕金森氏病很可能始於在腸道的初步證據。」這個假設的其他證據是帕金森氏症患者常常可在發病前幾十年就患有相關胃腸道問題,如便秘。另外,其他研究也表明,有種蛋白質在帕金森症患者的腸道中有關鍵作用。“
理論是這些蛋白質會用錯誤的方式推疊,並且會將這種錯誤的方式擴散到細胞。但我們「需要更多的研究來測試這一理論,以幫助我們了解在帕金森氏症發展過程中發揮的作用。」
此外,由於帕金森病是一種綜合徵狀,也會有多種原因和途徑影響。研究人員也無法控制那些全部可能影響帕金森病風險的潛在因素,如吸煙,咖啡飲用或遺傳。